Gyrofluid Turbulence at Sub-ion and Sub-d_e Scales

Here's a 2D simulation, composed of 3600^2 points, illustrating turbulence decaying at a sub-ion scale. This simulation employs a two-field Hamiltonian gyrofluid model, incorporating finite ion Larmor radius corrections, parallel magnetic field fluctuations, and electron inertia (see the model from Granier et al. 2024 or Passot et al. 2024).

This model effectively captures the dynamics of Alfvén and kinetic Alfvén waves, making it ideal for studying space plasmas, in various ranges of scales. The observed turbulence occurs at the sub-ion range and scales smaller than the electron skin depth.

It makes is particularly efficient for examining how the nature of turbulence depends on the ion plasma β, whether it's dominated by reconnection events or exhibits hydrodynamic behavior.